‘A Tempest’ as post colonial text

Name: Vaja   Deepika Bhupatbhai.

Course: The post colonial literature

Professor’s name: Dr.Dilip Barad

Roll no: 04.

Topic: ‘A Tempest’ as post colonial text

Submitted by: Department of English M .K. Bhavnagar University.

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‘A Tempest’ as post colonial text

•    Preface

As we studies about post colonialism and colonialism at terms it may be that colonizer and colonized community them.  It may be Europe is responsible before the human community for the highest heap of corpses in human history itself. The colonized is elevated above his jungle status in proportion to his adaption of native land and civilization based on two ideas incest of taboos and kinship ritual.  Particularly communities who have experienced injustice which they characterize as colonial are excluded too broadly and almost any form of relation featuring inequality of power between different international parties appears to be an instance of colonialism.(Daniel , Butt;) African poet Amie Cesaire’s play ‘A Tempest’ a postcolonial adaptation of Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ explores the relationship between Prospero the colonizer and his colonial subjects Caliban and Ariel from the perspective of the colonized. we see that colonial and colonized rules away from him is not only land, but also his language, culture, religious, rituals, civilize  and identity. As we observation of both the play “A Tempest” and “The tempest” have identity and language of Caliban and Ariel at different way and Aime has portrayed to different and shakespear the play “The tempest” in Prospero and Ariel are center and how Caliban has marginalized in the play. But in post colonial context Aime has broad and open images of look at different way in Caliban has center in the play ‘A Tempest’. We look at post colonial aspect at look them to Aime Cesaire’s play A Tempest has post colonial text, as we discussed them.

•      What is post colonialism?

It means that as academic discipline featuring methods of intellectual discourse that analyze. The culture as legacies of colonialism and imperialism to human consequence of controlling a country and establishing settlers for economics exploitation of native people, social political power and their land. We can say that how and why of an imperial regime representations of the imperial colonizer and colonialism people. It is among relations to the colonial nations and subaltern people exploited by colonial rules in them.  Post colonialism is the study of the legacy of the era of European, American, West Indies, Middle East and direct global domination. Which ended roughly in the mid 20th century and how colonizer ruling to resident political, social economical and psychological affects of that colonial history we refers them.  Postcolonial examines the manner in which emerging society grapple with the challenges of self determination and how they incorporate or reject the western culture and civilizations.  How does be sacrificed of colonizer and colonial? In broad sense we can say that postcolonial literature in India writing which has been affected by the imperial process from the moment of colonization to the present day. Moreover, this includes novels, poetry, and drama which were written both during and after the British Raj or “Reign” which came to a formal conclusion with Indian Independence in August 1947. Although writing from India and other formerly colonized countries such as Nigeria, Jamaica, Pakistan, and Singapore has distinctive features, postcolonial literature shares some significant concerns and characteristic.(Bill, Ashcroft; Gareth , Griffiths ; Helen, Tiffin;) In post colonial literature as how apply in literature and here I find example of A Tempest by Amie Cesaire and he also re- write to shakespear ‘The Tempest’. So now we explain ‘A tempest’ as post colonial context.

•     A Tempest’ as postcolonial text

                   As we studies to post colonialism at look that Amie Cesaire how re – write to ‘The tempest’ at them different perspective and Caribbean portrayed to this text.  We can say that Tempest means a very violent storm with high winds, rain and hails and snow. It may be that native people leave them ad outsider came and ruling of them. We see that nationalism it must be individual or community base. ‘Empire Right back’ by Bill Ashcroft. As it is studies about post colonies in subaltern a person who don’t have words, Fredrick Jameson “Grand Natives” as also nationalism them.  Aime start writing ‘A Tempest’ in French and whole play is an allegory. For the first time he use word ‘Negritude’. It means have accents of Negro.  It is not something which white portrays black. So now A tempest by Aime wrote play of post colonial thinks. 

               

    

•     About play ‘A Tempest’

A tempest was originally wrote in 1969 in French by Amie Cesaire and translated to English in 1985 by Richard miller. It is written as postcolonial response to ‘The Tempest’ by shakespear. In the play is same, a big storm, king angry Duke and he usurped by his brother and other native people. In this play “A Tempest” is also like that Prospero ceil tempest form his magic and two mulattos Ariel and Caliban leave them and how he colonize there. In the play Amie says that colonization of the ‘New world’ means same ideas about Franz fanon and C.L.R. James and we see that Caribbean and how colonizer rule, power and danger of ancient people mean native land. A Tempest in Amie say that what white man speak in black man but black slave speak not high, superior language and Amie talk about to how Prospero control and order to Caliban and Caliban desire to marry Prospero’s daughter Miranda.   we see that Prospero talk about to people Ariel and Caliban at different looks and as Negros person has slave and white superiority in his mind and Ariel has white slave so we see that Prospero like Ariel and he innocent no any argument do that. And heard his master order and gives instruction of Prospero.

Prospero: bravo, good work! But what seems to be the matter? I give you a compliment and you don't seem pleased? Are you tired?

Ariel: not tired; disgusted. I obeyed you but - well, why not come out with it? - I did so most unwillingly. It was a Real pity to see that great ship go down, so full of life.

Prospero: oh, so you're upset, is you! It's always like that with you intellectuals! A/ho cares! What interest me are not your moods, but your deeds. Let's split: I’ll take the zeal and you can keep your doubts. Agreed?

Ariel: Master, I must beg you to spare me this kind of Labour.(Amie , Cesaire ;)

                                   
                                    Here we see that proper care and how he talks about Ariel at calm, natural and do well them. But in different of talk about black slave Caliban, he hatred him and not agree to Caliban’s ideas and Caliban feels that he marry Miranda and his master Prospero has not excepted. In postcolonial think we talks about that in Amie Cesaire ideas like that at play in last act Prospero tells about Caliban, you are Negro, your language is bad; you are Caliban? Caliban talks that don’t call me a Caliban. We see that postcolonial voice rays away and how Caliban talk that I’m not Caliban and Negro. He is colonizer Caliban says that calls me X, and also says that where name without man. A tempest in we see that Caliban subaltern voice not suppress them and how other character are marginalized in the play.  A tempest in ‘Eshu’ has mother god and inspired, how gives ideas of Prospero, also black devil of god and god for Caliban. In Amie ideas and how Caliban has center of the play and shakespear play ‘The Tempest’ in marginalized Caliban and he becomes black slave and rebels of Prospero. Here not fault of Caliban but fault of Prospero and how white men think about that black man are devils and evils it may be that their mind already accepted to evils are only black. Prospero has colonizer and he rebels of system of society. And Caliban has failed them to rebel of Prospero, and he keeps alive them.

     

Caliban: I'm not interested in defending myself' My only regret is that I've failed'

Prospero: What were you hoping for?

Caliban: To get back my island and regain my freedom.

Prospero: And what would you do all alone here on this island, haunted by the devil, tempest tossed?

Caliban: You know very well that I'm not interested in peace…  I'm interested in being free! Free, you hear?

         

We see that both conversion and how Prospero talk to Caliban as rudely. Prospero say that my knowledge inspired something and languages give monster for you. I have make man! Amie’s ideas about that Prospero has colonizer and they talk them. Caliban talk that it is not Prospero make Caliban but Caliban makes Prospero. So we see that Caliban has center in the play and Prospero has marginalizes here. These ideas about colonies rules and identify of other and rejects to ancient or native people identity. Here I give example of literature like that.

                      

•     Postcolonial reading of literary text.

                        Here we see these examples are postcolonial thinks and how colonizers look to ancient people. It may be that postcolonial think in marginalized character is center in texts. And we know that here its becomes center and others are periphery in the texts. And we say that the author look that different point of view in colonizer has made them to original text. HomiBhabha said that Nothing is fire in post colonialism; anything can be at center and an periphery. As colonialism gives identity and we leave them. In postcolonial ideas in marginalized characters are center in text it is post colonialism. in Post colonail reading in this characters are center.

•    Conclusion

So we conclude that post colonial think has give open images and re think of what does in history and past. In this term we identify of characters and its becomes center in post colonial writing. We can say that Caliban and other example it is not periphery but center and how goes on happening in society written different context. And it may be that colonial thinks are change present time.

Works Cited

Amie , Cesaire ;. "A Tempest." Richer, Miller. 'A Tempest' adaption for a black Theater. Trans. Miller Richer. New york: Ubu Repertory Theater, 1991. 9-36.

Bill, Ashcroft; Gareth , Griffiths ; Helen, Tiffin;. The Empire writes Back. New york, 1989.

Daniel , Butt;. "colonialism and post colonialism." Butt, Daniel. colonialism and postcolonialism. Ed. Forthcoming in Hugh LaFollette. 2013. 1-10.