All India Radio.

Name: Vaja   Deepika Bhupatbhai.

Course: Mass Communication & Media Studies

Professor’s name: Parth sir

Roll no: 04.

Topic: Brief History of AIR (All India Radio).

Submitted by: Department of English M .K. Bhavnagar University.

To Evaluation my Assignment "Click Here"

Brief History of AIR (All India Radio).

·       Introduction

 As we study about to Mass communication & media studies in most important are medium. As we communicated to other people and city, at that time which medium use them.  So these are the medium we communicated them like: T.V. Radio, internet, cinema, advertising, Film (Movies), News paper, journalism, poster, magazine etc. it is best way communicating and media use as information. We know that T.V. and Radio is old and best way communication medium. 

It is popular in present time. So now we explain to Radio and it is connected to wariest thinks. Radio is a combination of a number of discoveries of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, the wireless telegraph and the triode amplifier valve by scientists and technicians. 


It is different countries gave rise to the development of wireless telegraphy and later to radio broadcasting.First Radio is created to US and as reason for Communication environment in which amateurs could operate freely. So now we see All India Radio (AIR) history explain.

·       History of Radio.

               Those days Radio was so popular and best way communicating medium. Earliest radio transmission in 1915 was by universities to disseminate news. In the world First radio stations were set up in Pittsburgh, New York and Chicago in 1920s to broadcast election news, sporting events and even opera performances. In Those days Europe, public service oriented broadcasting supported by taxes or license fees rather than advertising oriented commercial broadcasting found widespread favour. Also US in privet and public service both cooperation. Columbia broadcasting station (CBS) and National Broadcasting Stations (NBS) as Private    stations.  BBC in 1920 as Public Service Corporation. 

A radio wave carries information signal; Signals are converted into electrical signals. And the wave is then amplified and sent to the antenna that then converts signal into an E.M. wave. An antenna on receiving the signal sends it to the receiver. This is converts the electrical signal sends it to the amplifier either speaker/headphones jack this is then converted into a sound wave. So now we explain development of Radio in India and explain AIR (All India Radio) history & development.

·       Development of Radio in India

Radio is famous in 1915 in world wide. But in 1920 first broadcasting was introduced in India. Broadcasting was introduced in India by amateur radio clubs in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Lahore. 

In those times ‘The Times of India’ records that a broadcast was transmitted from the roof of its building on 20, August 1921. Amateur radio operators played an important part in Indian independence movement with the establishment of illegal pro-independence radio stations in the 1940s. After Independence, India in start to All India Radio Stations. It is connected to ‘Akashvani’. So now we discuss history of All India Radio.

·       History of AIR (All India Radio)

 AIR was officially known since 1956 as ‘Akashvani’ (Voice from the Sky). British government gave license to the India Broadcasting Company to launch Radio stations in Mumbai and Kolkata. In British India, broadcasting began in July 1923 with programmes by the Radio Club of Mumbai and other radio clubs.

Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) private company given permission to set up 2 stations in 1926. It is the radio broadcaster of India and division of Prasar Bharati. It is established in 1930 ISBS (Indian State Broadcasting Service) and connected to ‘DOORDARSHAN’, the national television broadcaster. AIR is one of the largest radio networks in the world. AIR has covered more than 99% of the Indian Population as per the latest information given by Minister of Information and Broadcast. AIR headquarters is at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi. We see that development of India in AIR that the government took over the broadcasting facilities, beginning the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) on 1 April 1930 on an experimental basis for two year. AIR’s Office of Controller of broadcasting created under the Department of Industries and Labour of the Government. In 1935, Mr. Lionel Fielden assumed charge as the first Controller of Radio Broadcasting. 

We see that in 1939 Controller Broadcasting Lionel Fielden was succeeded by Professor A.S. Bokhari who remained the head of All India Radio (AIR) for six crucial years. At that time, we see in 1940 Bokhari began broadcasting a daily ten-minute Hindustani news commentary. These programmes have so many languages in broadcasting. In 1938 Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore composed the poem entitled "Akashvani". In 1941, AIR was again transferred to the department of Information and Broadcasting which after Independence in 1947 and became a separate ministry by itself. "Akashvani" was coined by M. V. Gopalaswamy after setting up the nation’s first private radio station in his residence. Akashvani seemed to be an appropriate name for a Radio broadcaster and was later adopted as All India Radio's on-air name after independence. When India became independence in 1947 the AIR network had only six stations in Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Lucknow, Tiruchi. (Wikipedia)

           

      

Sardar Vallabhai Patel was the first Minister of Information and Broadcasting in 1940 in India. After independence in India total number radio sets at that time was about 275,000.  As time pass away in 1952 Vadya Vrinda or National Orchestra with Pandit Ravi Shankar as the first music conductor. In 1957 Vividh Bharati has begun. Television broadcasting began in Delhi in 1959 as part of AIR. But it was split off from the radio network as ‘Doordarshan’ on 1 April 1976. In those days in AIR has given innovative and entertain ideas like FM broadcasting. It is begun on 23 July 1977 in Chennai and was expanded during the 1990s. At that time pass away Radio as became popular and broadcasting in India in 1980 only for PM Rajiv Gandhi. And he was talk about that Radio waived the important duty on wireless equipment in 1984. Most of the Indian villages in Radio are must have. 40 millions of people have use and AIR has broadcasting in wariest programmes. Since then numbers of picked up in 2007 and more that 1600 operate in the country

·       AIR Services

   We see that AIR has many services in a number of languages and it is each serving different regions across India. 

1.            Vividh Bharati

2.            Prasar Bharati

3.            Regional Services

4.            External Services

• Vividh Bharati: 

The Vividh Bharati of AIR was conceptualized to combat Radio Ceylon in 1957. It is radio channel was launched on 3 Oct 1957.  It is provided to only for entertainment. This is one of the best services of AIR. This is also known as the Commercial Broadcasting Service (CBS). It is the most commercially-accessible of the AIR networks and is popular in Mumbai and other large cities. It is provided ‘Multi Indian Service’ and that time Vividh Bharati was popular and many thinks happens that cultural, political, commercial development. (Akashvani)  

As begin this service that only 40 Vividh Bharati stations across the country down linked and there programmers though captive earth stations provide at each of these AIR stations. Vividh Bharati offers a wide range of programmers including news, film music and comedy programs.

• Prasar Bharati:

 It is India’s largest public broadcaster. Prasar Bharati Bill passed by Parliament in 1990 but subsequent governments didn’t finalize it. It is an autonomous body set up by an act of parliament. Most of the Indian program and political, cultural, national news, issues, are broadcasted in Prasar Bharati. We see that Indian government have comprises Doordarshan television network and All India Radio (AIR) which were earlier media units of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 

It is owned by the government and it is established on 23, Nov 1997. It is only for demand that the government have broadcaster in India should be given autonomy like many other countries like America, Brittan, Russia, Pakistan etc. The Parliament of India passed an Act to grant this autonomy in 1990. But it was not enacted until 15 September 1997.  (Wikipedia)We see that Prasar Bharati primary function, ideas and objectives are the Corporation to organize and conduct public broadcasting services to inform. It is also educate and entertain the public and to ensure a balanced development of broadcasting on radio and television.

• Regional Services:

All India Radio (AIR) has five regional headquarters in New Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, Mumbai, and Chennai. . Moreover the Integrated North-East Service focused on reaching to the population in northeast India. All India Radio offers programmer in English, Hindi and numerous regional and local languages. It is help to every states and government. At that time we see that many programs and news are related to farmer, business men, cultural program, Classical music, Traditional dance, political speech, national ideas, agricultural etc. The broadcasting technology in India is basically indigenous and reaches far and wide to various listeners like farmers who require various updated information on agriculture. All the major national affairs and social events were transmitted through radio. Indian radio played a significant role in social integration of the entire nation. .  Making specific programs for and about women, tribal, children, handicapped, aged and vulnerable sections of society.

           AIR mainly focused on development of a national consciousness as well as over all National integration. It is not for the government but also those people work in any fielded and major thought that cultural, religious, social, classical program etc. And after independence, every states people have this service. In 1970 and 1994 the amount of radio receivers increased manifold almost five times. Regional service has from the initial 14 million the number increased to a staggering 65 million.

• External Services:

 It is of AIR broadcast in 27 languages to countries outside India. At that time, in India the first broadcasts were in Pushto, beamed to Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier Province. This service has broadcasts begun in other languages including many like Dari, Persian, Arabic, English, Burmese, Japanese, Chinese, Malay and French. This service has popular not only for India but foreign also. It is broadcast in 16 foreign and 11 Indian languages with a total program output of 70 hours per day on medium and shortwave. It is Promoting research and development activities in order to ensure that radio and television broadcast technology are constantly updated. it is use to not only for Indian but many Foreign people talk them.   Also we see that the government can provide and promoted to this service and appreciated to people. it is use to development of technology, telegraph, media communication etc.   As we see great development of service to India that in News on Phone service. AIR also lunched news on phone in 1998 in New Delhi. And it is now has service in Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna etc. 

·       AIR Programmes

News Bulletins

Newsreels

Documentaries/Radio features

Radio Plays

Radio Talks

Classical Music & Plays

Agricultural programmes

Music Programmes

Quizzes

Movie trailers

·       Conclusion

AIR was helpful to not only for information but it is provided such things like culture, economy, education, agriculture, and politics also. It larger development in after independence. The function of broadcasting paved a way for the surge of modern concepts. It is just not entertainment, music, dance, dramas but it is beyond of that what Indian culture, commercial, economy as development and people know about to radio as medium. It is not for modern thought but it is that the modernization of the country and television was introduced and broadcasting achieved new status. ‘Akashvani’ or All India Radio (AIR) still stands as one of the biggest radio networks around the globe.Preset itme in Radio Was popular only for PM. Modi. He talk about to radio in Mann Ki Batt.

WORKS CITED

AKASHVANI. 12 MARCH 2016 <HTTP//WWW.AKASHVANI.IN>.

Wikipedia. 11 March 2016 <http//www.prasarbharti.wikipedia.com>.

Wikipedia. 8 March 2016 <http//www.All india radio.wikipedia.com>.